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Background Long-term exposure to noise during sleep may has adverse effects on metabolic system, and liver lipid metabolism is closely related to circadian clock genes. Objective To investigate the effects of long-term noise exposure during sleep on liver circadian clock and lipid metabolism in mice and its related mechanism. Methods Twenty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into two groups: a noise exposure group and a control group with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the noise exposure group were exposed to white noise at 90 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 30 consecutive days, 8 h a day, from 9:00 to 17:00. The mice in the control group were exposed to background noise ≤40 dB SPL. After noise exposure, the animals were neutralized at 14:00 (ZT6) and 2:00 (ZT18), 5 animals at each time spot, and the liver tissues were collected. Total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver were determined by cholesterol oxidase method and glycerol phosphate oxidase method respectively. The expressions of circadian clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, Rev-erbα, and Rev-erbβ) and lipid metabolism genes (Srebp1c, Hmgcr, Fasn, Lxrα, Acc1, and Chrebp) in liver were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the content of total cholesterol in liver in the noise exposure group increased by 48% (P<0.05) and the content of liver triglyceride increased by 61% (P<0.05) at ZT18. The mRNA expression levels of circadian clock genes Clock and Bmal1 in the noise exposure group was significantly increased at ZT18 and decreased at ZT6 (P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of Rev-erbα decreased at both ZT6 and ZT18 (P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of Rev-erbβ had no significant change at ZT6 and ZT18. The mRNA expression levels of liver lipid metabolism related genes Srebp1c, Hmgcr, Chrebp, and Lxrα in the noise exposure group were higher than those in the control group at ZT18 (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of Acc1 and Fasn showed no significant change at ZT6, then an upward trend at ZT18, but no significant difference between the two time spots (P>0.05). Conclusion Long-term noise exposure during sleep can cause circadian clock and lipid metabolism disorders in mice. Among them, suppression of key circadian clock genes may be associated with Rev-erbα-mediated upregulation of the nuclear receptors Srebp1c and Chrebp for lipid synthesis and deposition in the liver, resulting in lipid metabolism disorder.
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Based on UPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS and biological network analysis tools, the mechanism of Xihuang Pill in improving hyperplasia of mammary glands was systematically analyzed. The rat model of hyperplasia of mammary glands was established by intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate and progesterone. LC-MS tissue metabolomics was used to explore the key metabolites and metabolic pathways of Xihuang Pill in improving hyperplasia of mammary glands in rat. The network analysis of the key metabolites regulated by Xihuang Pill was carried out by integrating biological network analysis tools, focusing on the key metabolic pathways, and exploring the potential targets of Xihuang Pill to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the content of 49 differential metabolites in the tissues of the model group (P < 0.05). Xihuang Pills could significantly call back 17 metabolites such as L-alanine, threonine, indole-3-carboxylic aldehyde, lysine, arginine, alanylleucine, glycyltyrosine, γ-glutamyl leucine, vitamin B3, serine leucine, threonine leucine, isoleucine glutamic acid, γ-glutamyl tyrosine, decanoyl-L-carnitine, uric acid, leucylleucine, S-adenosyl-methionine. Further network analysis and literature research on the key metabolites regulated by Xihuang Pills showed that the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be one of the important pathways for Xihuang Pills to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. STAT3, MAPK1, EGFR, CASP3, CASP8, PRKCA and JUN in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be potential targets for Xihuang Pills to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. The animal experiment operations involved in this paper follow the provisions of the Animal Ethics Committee of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and pass the ethical review of animal experiments (approval number: 2022-705).
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Objective To summarize the effect of the timing of lung transplantation and related treatment measures on clinical prognosis of patients with paraquat poisoning. Methods Clinical data of a patient with paraquat poisoning undergoing bilateral lung transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment of this patient were summarized and analyzed. Results A 17-year-old adolescent was admitted to hospital due to nausea, vomiting, cough and systemic fatigue after oral intake of 20-30 mL of 25% paraquat. After symptomatic support treatment, the oxygen saturation was not improved, and pulmonary fibrosis continued to progress. Therefore, sequential bilateral lung transplantation was performed under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). After postoperative rehabilitation and active prevention and treatment for postoperative complications, the patient was discharged at postoperative 50 d. Conclusions The timing of lung transplantation after paraquat poisoning may be selected when the liver and kidney function start to recover. Active and targeted prevention of potential pathogen infection in perioperative period and early rehabilitation training contribute to improving clinical prognosis of lung transplant recipients.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of total saponins from Panax japonicus （TSPJ） on white adipose tissue （WAT） browning/brown adipose tissue （BAT） activation in C57BL6/J male mice fed on a high-fat diet （HFD）. MethodThirty-two C57BL6/J male mice （8-week-old） were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a low-dose TSPJ group， and a high-dose TSPJ group. The mice in the low-dose and high-dose TSPJ groups were given TSPJ for four months by gavage at 25， 75 mg·kg-1·d-1， respectively， and those in the other groups were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC-Na） accordingly. After four months of feeding， all mice were placed at 4 ℃ for acute cold exposure， and the core body temperature was monitored. Subsequently， all mice were sacrificed， and BAT and inguinal WAT （iWAT） were separated rapidly to detect the corresponding indexes. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes in each group. The effect of TSPJ on the mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1）， fatty acid-binding protein 4 （FABP4）， cytochrome C （CytC）， PR domain-containing protein 16 （PRDM16）， elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 3 （ELOVL3）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）， and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） in iWAT and BAT was detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Western blot was also used to detect the protein expression of UCP1， PRDM16， PPARγ， and PGC-1α in BAT and iWAT of each group. The effect of TSPJ on UCP1 expression in BAT and iWAT was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result① Compared with the model group， TSPJ could decrease the body weight and proportions of iWAT and BAT in the HFD-induced mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ② The body temperature of mice in the model group decreased compared with that in the normal group in the acute cold exposure tolerance test （P<0.05）. The body temperature in the high-dose TSPJ group increased compared with that in the model group （P<0.01）. ③ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased adipocyte diameter in iWAT and BAT and decreased number of adipocytes per unit area. Compared with the model group， the TSPJ groups showed significantly reduced cell diameter and increased number of cells per unit area， especially in the high-dose TSPJ group. ④ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased mRNA expression of FABP4， UCP1， CytC， PRDM16， ELOVL3， PGC-1α， and PPARγ in adipose tissues of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after intervention with TSPJ， the mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ⑤ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased protein expression of UCP1， PRDM16， PPARγ， and PGC-1α in adipose tissues of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after intervention with TSPJ， the protein expression increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTSPJ could induce the browning of iWAT/BAT activation and enhance adaptive thermogenesis in obese mice induced by HFD. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to the activation of the PPARγ/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVE To optimize extraction technology of couplet medicinals of Astragalus membranaceus-Puerariae lobatae. METHODS With contents of puerarin，daidzin，calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside，daidzein，calycosin and formononetin and the yield of dry extract as index，the analytic hierarchy method was used to determine the weight coefficient of each index and calculate the comprehensive score. The effects of solid-liquid ratio， extraction times and extraction time on the comprehensive score were investigated by single factor test. The level of each factor was determined. By multi-index comprehensive scoring method， using comprehensive scores of above 7 indexes as indexes，the extraction technology of couplet medicinals of A. membranaceus-P. lobata was optimized by orthogonal experiment，and the validation tests were conducted. RESULTS The weight coefficient for the contents of puerarin，daidzin，calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside，daidzein，calycosin and formononetin and the yield of dry extract were respectively 0.304 7，0.065 2，0.185 8，0.185 8，0.107 8，0.107 8 and 0.042 7. The optimal extraction technology was determined as follows： solid-liquid of 1∶8（g/mL），extracting 3 times and for 1 h each time. RSD of each evaluation index in the validation test results was lower than 3.00% （n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction technology for A. membranaceus-P. lobata is stable and feasible.
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Objective:To construct of a computed tomography (CT) based radiomics model for predicting the prognosis of patients with gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm (GNEN) and inves-tigate its application value.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinico-pathological data of 182 patients with GNEN who were admitted to 2 medical centers, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University of 124 cases and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University of 58 cases, from August 2011 to December 2020 were collected. There were 130 males and 52 females, aged 64(range, 56-70)years. Based on random number table, all 182 patients were divided into the training dataset of 128 cases and the validation dataset of 54 cases with a ratio of 7:3. All patients underwent enhanced CT examination. Observation indicators: (1) construction and validation of the radiomics prediction model; (2) analysis of prognostic factors for patients with GNEN in the training dataset; (3) construction and evaluation of the prediction model for prognosis of patients with GNEN. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and the chi-square test, corrected chi-square test or Fisher exact probability were used for comparison between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate and draw survival curve, and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. The COX regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. The R software (version 4.0.3) glmnet software package was used for least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-COX regression analysis. The rms software (version 4.0.3) was used to generate nomogram and calibration curve. The Hmisc software (version 4.0.3) was used to calculate C-index values. The dca.R software (version 4.0.3) was used for decision curve analysis. Results:(1) Construction and valida-tion of the radiomics prediction model. One thousand seven hundred and eighty-one radiomics features were finally extracted from the 182 patients. Based on the feature selection using intra-group correlation coefficient >0.75, and the reduce dimensionality using LASSO-COX regression analysis, 14 non zero coefficient radiomics features were finally selected from the 1 781 radiomics features. The radiomics prediction model was constructed based on the radiomics score (R-score) of these non zero coefficient radiomics features. According to the best cutoff value of the R-score as -0.494, 128 patients in the training dataset were divided into 64 cases with high risk and 64 cases with low risk, 54 patients in the validation dataset were divided into 35 cases with high risk and 19 cases with low risk. The area under curve (AUC) of radiomics prediction model in predicting 18-, 24-, 30-month overall survival rate of patients in the training dataset was 0.83[95% confidence interval ( CI ) as 0.76-0.87, P<0.05], 0.84(95% CI as 0.73-0.91, P<0.05), 0.91(95% CI as 0.78-0.95, P<0.05), respectively. The AUC of radiomics prediction model in predicting 18-, 24-, 30-month overall survival rate of patients in the validation dataset was 0.84(95% CI as 0.75-0.92, P<0.05), 0.84 (95% CI as 0.73-0.91, P<0.05), 0.86(95% CI as 0.82-0.94, P<0.05), respectively. (2) Analysis of prognostic factors for patients with GNEN in the training dataset. Results of multivariate analysis showed gender, age, treatment method, tumor boundary, tumor T staging, tumor N staging, tumor M staging, Ki-67 index, CD56 expression were independent factors influencing prognosis of patients with GNEN in the training dataset ( P<0.05). (3) Construction and evaluation of the prediction model for prognosis of patients with GNEN. The clinical prediction model was constructed based on the independent factors influen-cing prognosis of patients with GNEN including gender, age, treatment method, tumor boundary, tumor T staging, tumor N staging, tumor M staging, Ki-67 index, CD56 expression. The C-index value of clinical prediction model in the training dataset and the validation dataset was 0.86 (95% CI as 0.82-0.90) and 0.80(95% CI as 0.72-0.87), respectively. The C-index value of radiomics prediction model in the training dataset and the validation dataset was 0.80 (95% CI as 0.74-0.86, P<0.05) and 0.75(95% CI as 0.66-0.84, P<0.05), respectively. The C-index value of clinical-radiomics combined prediction model in the training dataset and the validation dataset was 0.88(95% CI as 0.85-0.92) and 0.83 (95% CI as 0.77-0.89), respectively. Results of calibration curve show that clinical prediction model, radiomics prediction model and clinical-radiomics combined prediction model had good predictive ability. Results of decision curve show that the clinical-radiomics combined prediction model is superior to the clinical prediction model, radiomics prediction model in evaluating the prognosis of patients with GNEN. Conclusions:The predection model for predicting the prognosis of patients with GNEN is constructed based on 14 radiomics features after selecting. The prediction model can predict the prognosis of patients with GNEN well, and the clinical-radiomics combined prediction model has a better prediction efficiency.
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The incidence of hematologic malignancies is increasing, and although new drugs and treatments have made great progress, relapse and drug resistance are still urgent problems to be solved. Exosomes are tiny membrane vesicles secreted in cells that carry lipid bilayer membrane structures including mRNA, microRNA and proteins. It carries and transmits important signaling molecules, forming an entirely new intercellular information transfer system that exhibits a wide range of biological properties and functions in organisms. Tumor cell exosomes are confirmed to contribute to cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness, distant metastasis and drug resistance. Multiple studies have shown that exosomes from some malignant hematological tumor cells are closely related to tumor resistance. This review summarizes the research progress of exosomes in the mechanism of drug resistance of hematologic malignancies, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Objective: To investigate the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and experiential avoidance among undergraduate nursing students (hereafter referred as nursing undergraduates). Methods: A total of 725 nursing undergraduates from six colleges in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using convenience sampling method. The Acceptance Action Questionnaire-2nd Edition, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale and Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale were used to evaluate the experiential avoidance, psychological resilience, and family intimacy and adaptability, respectively. Results: The mean scores of experiential avoidance, psychological resilience and family intimacy and adaptability among nursing undergraduates were (23.4±7.7), (58.8±8.9) and (99.7±20.3), respectively. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that the total effect of family intimacy and adaptability on experiential avoidance was -0.16 (P<0.01), with a direct effect of -0.05 (P>0.05). Psychological resilience played a significant mediating role in the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and experiential avoidance among nursing undergraduates (P<0.01). The standardized mediation effect was -0.11, accounting for 68.8% of the total effect. Conclusion: Resilience plays a mediating role between family intimacy and adaptability and experiential avoidance among nursing undergraduates.
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Objective: To analyze the association between exposure patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety symptom trajectories in medical college students. Methods: A survey was conducted on first-year students from Anhui Medical College and Anqing Medical College, using the Childhood Abuse Questionnaire, Family Disability Questionnaire, Childhood Adverse Social Experience Item, and Anxiety Self Rating Scale. The baseline survey was conducted from November to December 2019, and two follow-up visits were conducted once every six months until November to December 2020. The latent class analysis (LCA) was used to analyze the exposure patterns of ACEs. The latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to analyze the development trajectory of anxiety symptoms. The multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different exposure patterns of ACEs and the trajectory of anxiety symptom trajectories. Results: A total of 3 662 college students aged (19.2±1.0) were surveyed. The LCA showed that the exposure patterns of ACEs could be divided into the "high ACEs" group (13.4%), "high neglect/emotional abuse" group (25.7%), "high family dysfunction" group (6.9%), "high neglect" group (27.1%), and "low ACEs" group (26.3%). The LCGA divided anxiety trajectories into four groups: "high anxiety decline" (7.1%),"anxiety increase "(4.1%), "moderate anxiety"(52.9%), and "low anxiety"(35.9%). Using the low ACEs group as a reference group, compared with the low anxiety trajectory, the high ACEs group, high neglect/emotional abuse group, high family dysfunction group, high neglect group, and medium to high-level anxiety trajectory were all associated with an increased risk (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is heterogeneity in ACEs exposure patterns among medical college students, and ACEs exposure patterns are important influencing factors for anxiety symptom trajectories.
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Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Anxiety/epidemiology , Child Abuse/psychology , Students/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Aristolochic acid (AA), extracted from Aristolochiaceae plants, plays an essential role in traditional herbal medicines and is used for different diseases. However, AA has been found to be nephrotoxic and is known to cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN).AA-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome in AAN with a high morbidity that manifests mitochondrial damage as a key part of its pathological progression. Melatonin primarily serves as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. However, its mitochondrial protective role in AA-induced AKI is barely reported. In this study, mice were administrated 2.5 mg/kg AA to induce AKI. Melatonin reduced the increase in Upro and Scr and attenuated the necrosis and atrophy of renal proximal tubules in mice exposed to AA. Melatonin suppressed ROS generation, MDA levels and iNOS expression and increased SOD activities in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, the in vivo study revealed that melatonin decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in renal proximal tubular cells and increased ATP levels in kidney tissues in response to AA. In vitro, melatonin restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in NRK-52E and HK-2 cells and led to an elevation in ATP levels. Confocal immunofluorescence data showed that puncta containing Mito-tracker and GFP-LC3A/B were reduced, thereby impeding the mitophagy of tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, melatonin decreased LC3A/B-II expression and increased p62 expression. The apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells induced by AA was decreased. Therefore, our findings revealed that melatonin could prevent AA-induced AKI by attenuating mitochondrial damage, which may provide a potential therapeutic method for renal AA toxicity.
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AIM: To investigate the changes in peripapillary choroidal thickness(pCT)within 1a of the first episode of acute primary angle closure glaucoma(APACG).METHODS: A prospective cohort study. A total of 31 patients with APACG who admitted to the ophthalmology department of Shijiazhuang People's Hospital from October 2015 to September 2019 were selected, with 31 eyes in attack group, 31 fellow eyes in preclinical group and 30 cases(30 eyes)in control group. pCT of the three groups was measured respectively at the attack period, 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery.RESULTS: The pCT of the attack group was thicker than that in the attack period when at 1wk after surgery, and continued to become thinner within the following 1a(P&#x003C;0.05). The pCT of the attack group was thicker than that of the other two groups during the attack period and at 1wk after surgery, while it became thinner at 1a(P&#x003C;0.05). In the attack group, the average pCT was positively correlated with the duration of intraocular hypertension and negatively correlated with the anterior chamber depth(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: For patients with first episode of APACG, pCT was diffusely thickened during attack and at 1wk after surgery. The pCT returned to normal at 1mo, while it became thinner at 1a. Furthermore, the average pCT was positively correlated with the duration of intraocular hypertension, and the choroidal thickness may play an important role in the attack of APACG.
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AIM:To observe the changes in corneal aberrations and the characteristics of visual quality after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(T-PRK)and femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)in the correction of low myopia.METHODS: Prospective cohort study. A total of 32 cases(32 eyes)with low myopia who underwent T-PRK surgery and 45 cases(45 eyes)of SMILE surgery at Weifang Eye Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs)and objective visual quality were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the surgery successfully without complications such as infection. At 3mo postoperatively, the safety index was 1.13±0.16 and 1.16±0.17(P=0.48)and the efficacy index was 1.10±0.20 and 1.15±0.18(P=0.27)in the T-PRK and SMILE groups, respectively. The percentage of UCVA(LogMAR)≤0 in the T-PRK and SMILE groups was 94% and 98%, respectively. The percentage of the residual SE within ±0.5D was 88% and 87% in the two groups, respectively. The HOAs and spherical aberration in both groups were significantly increased(P≤0.01), and the increase was not statistically significant between the two groups(P=0.31, 0.89). There was no significant change in horizontal coma, horizontal trefoil and vertical trefoil in both groups(P&#x003E;0.05). The vertical coma in SMILE group was significantly increased(P&#x003C;0.001), while there was no significant change in T-PRK group(P&#x003E;0.05), and the increase was significantly greater in SMILE group than in T-PRK group(P&#x003C;0.001). There was no significant difference in objective scattering index(OSI), modulation transfer function cut off frequency(MTFcut off), Strehl ratio(SR), visual acuity(VA)100%, VA20% and VA9% between the two groups(P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION:Both T-PRK and SMILE showed good safety, efficacy, and visual quality in correcting low myopia, while SMILE induced more vertical coma than T-PRK.
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AIM: To investigate the short-term visual quality outcomes after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and evolution implantable collamer lens(EVO-ICL)implantation for the correction of moderate myopia.METHODS: Prospective control study. A total of 51 cases(51 eyes)with moderate myopia who underwent SMILE or EVO-ICL implantation surgery at Weifang Eye Hospital from April 2021 to February 2022 were selected. They were divided into SMILE group(30 patients, 30 eyes)and EVO-ICL group(21 patients, 21 eyes)according to the surgical methods. The changes of visual acuity [uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)], diopter [spherical equivalent(SE)] and related parameters of optical quality analysis system(OQAS Ⅱ)were observed before surgery and at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery, and the quality of vision(QoV)questionnaire was completed.RESULTS: At 3mo after surgery, the safety index(postoperative CDVA/preoperative CDVA)of SMILE gruop and EVO-ICL group were 1.20(1.00, 1.20)and 1.20(1.00, 1.38), respectively, the efficacy index(postoperative UDVA/preoperative CDVA)were 1.00(1.00, 1.20)and 1.00(1.00, 1.20), respectively, and the percentage of SE within ±0.50D was 87% and 100%, respectively. In SMILE group, the objective scattering index(OSI)was increased after surgery, while modulation transfer function cutoff frequency(MTF cutoff), contrast visual acuity(VA)100%, and VA20% at 1wk and 1mo after surgery, and Strehl ratio(SR)and VA9% at each time point after surgery were all decreased compared with those before surgery(all P&#x003C;0.05). The OSI, MTF cutoff, SR and VA of EVO-ICL group showed no difference at each time point after surgery compared with those before surgery(all P&#x003E;0.05). The most common visual symptoms after SMILE and EVO-ICL implantation were visual haze and halos, respectively.CONCLUSION: Both SMILE and EVO-ICL implantation have good safety, efficacy and predictability in the short term after the correction of moderate myopia. Both groups had visual symptoms after surgery, but the overall satisfaction of patients was high. Furthermore, EVO-ICL implantation has better objective visual quality performance.
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AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of wearing base curve aspheric orthokeratology(OK)lens in the control of myopia.METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. A total of 94 cases(94 eyes)of myopia aged 8～13 years old who were fitted with orthokeratology(OK)lens in our hospital from January 2020 to July 2021 were selected(for patients who received OK lens in one eye, the eye is selected as the observation eye, and for patients who receive OK lens in both eyes, the right eye is used as the observation eye). Patients were divided into two groups according to the design of the OK lens, with 46 cases wearing base curve aspheric OK lens in study group and 48 cases wearing base curve spheric OK lens in control group. The study group and the control group were further divided into low myopia group(-3.00D&#x003C; SE ≤-0.75D)and moderate myopia group(-6.00D&#x003C; SE ≤-3.00D)according to the baseline spherical equivalent(SE), with 52 cases(52 eyes)in the low myopia group and 42 cases(42 eyes)in the moderate myopia group. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)was evaluated at 1d, 1wk, 1, 3, 6 and 9mo after wearing lenses, and axial length were measured at 6mo and 1a after wearing lenses respectively.RESULTS: All patients completed follow-up, and there was no significant differences in UCVA(LogMAR)between the study group(-0.12±0.08)and the control group(-0.17±0.07)after wearing the OK lens for 1mo(P&#x003E;0.05); the mean axial length elongation between the two groups had no significant differences after wearing lenses for 6mo and 1a(all P&#x003E;0.05). In the low myopia group, the axial length elongation of the study group was 0.19±0.17mm after wearing OK lens for 1a, which was significantly lower than that of the control group(0.31±0.18mm; P&#x003C;0.05); while in the moderate myopia group, the axial length elongation was 0.22±0.18mm, and it had no significant differences with that in the control group(0.19±0.12mm; P&#x003E;0.05). There was no significant differences in axial length elongation between the low myopia group and the moderate myopia group in study group after wearing lenses for 6mo and 1a(P&#x003E;0.05), while there was differences in axial length elongation between low myopia group and moderate myopia group in the control group after wearing lenses for 6mo(0.15±0.13 vs. 0.05±0.12mm)and 1a(0.31±0.18 vs. 0.19±0.12mm; all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Wearing base curve aspheric OK lens can effectively improve the UCVA and control the elongation of axial length. For patients with low myopia, base curve aspheric OK lens had a better efficacy in controlling the elongation of axial length than the spheric OK lens.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of baicalein on a Drosophila model of hereditary Parkinson's disease caused by gene mutations and to preliminarily elucidate the mechanism of baicalein in delaying hereditary Parkinson's disease. In this paper, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-RNAi Parkinson's Drosophila were used as the model group and wild-type Drosophila w1118 were used as the control group. Different doses of baicalein and Madopa were administered to the model group to observe their effects on the life span, motor ability, the abnormal rate of wings, dopamine content and dopaminergic neurons of PINK1-RNAi Parkinson's Drosophila and their effects on mitochondrial dysfunction including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The results showed that the effective administration doses of baicalein were 0.8 mg·mL-1 for low concentration, 1.6 mg·mL-1 for medium concentration and 3.2 mg·mL-1 for high concentration, and the optimal administration dose of the positive drug Madopa was 0.1 μg·mL-1. Baicalein and Madopa could significantly improve the life span, exercise ability and reduce the abnormal rate of wings of PINK1-RNAi male Drosophila (P < 0.05), and low dose baicalein showed the best effect; baicalein could improve the loss of dopaminergic neurons, and the effects of low dose and high dose were the best, but Madopa showed no significant effect; baicalein and Madopa had no significant effect on dopamine content (P > 0.05). Baicalein and Madopa could increase the ATP content of PINK1-RNAi male Drosophila (P < 0.05), and low dose baicalein showed the best effect; middle dose baicalein could significantly increase the mtDNA content of PINK1-RNAi male Drosophila (P < 0.05), but Madopa had no significant effect; baicalein and Madopa had no significant effect on ROS content (P > 0.05).
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OBJECTIVE@#Flavonoids are the bioactive compounds in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), in which chalcone synthase (CHS) is the first limiting enzyme. However, it is unclear that which chalcone synthase genes (CHSs) are participated in flavonoids biosynthesis in C. tinctorius. In this study, the CHSs in the molecular characterization and enzyme activities were investigated.@*METHODS@#Putative chalcone biosynthase genes were screened by the full-length transcriptome sequences data in C. tinctorius. Chalcone biosynthase genes in C. tinctorius (CtCHSs) were cloned from cDNA of flowers of C. tinctorius. The cloned gene sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics, and their expression patterns were analyzed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The protein of CtCHS in the development of flowers was detected by polyclonal antibody Western blot. A recombinant vector of CtCHS was constructed. The CtCHS recombinant protein was induced and purified to detect the enzyme reaction (catalyzing the reaction of p-coumaryl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to produce naringin chalcone). The reaction product was detected by HPLC and LC-MS.@*RESULTS@#Two full-length CtCHS genes were successfully cloned from the flowers of safflower (CtCHS1 and CtCHS3), with gene lengths of 1525 bp and 1358 bp, respectively. RT-PCR analysis showed that both genes were highly expressed in the flowers, but the expression of CtCHS1 was higher than that of CtCHS3 at each developmental stage of the flowers. WB analysis showed that only CtCHS1 protein could be detected at each developmental stage of the flowers. HPLC and LC-MS analyses showed that CtCHS1 could catalyze the conversion of p-coumaryl-CoA and malonyl-CoA substrates to naringin chalcone.@*CONCLUSION@#CtCHS1 is involved in the biosynthesis of naringin chalcone in safflower.
ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants or Chinese materia medica (CMM) are now attracting worldwide attention as they have increasingly prominent advantages over chemical drugs in disease treatment and healthcare. Since the 1990s, World Health Organization (WHO) and International Organization for Standardization established the Technical Committee of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ISO/TC 249) have carried out the development of quality standards on medicinal plants or CMMs respectively, and a considerable number of monographs and international standards have been published. Since the two international organizations adhere to different principles, the standards they develop naturally have different emphasis. Driven by market demand and international trade, ISO mainly takes quality, efficacy and safety into consideration when developing standards, while WHO pays more attention to clinical practice, quality control and medication guidance. Up to now, there is a lack of comparative analysis on the records, background, principles, basic content, and main requirements of quality standards on medicinal plants or CMMs respectively published by WHO and ISO. Therefore, based on international standards of CMM developed by ISO/TC 249 platform and WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, this paper systematically compares the purposes, selected principles, standard-developing process, basic content, and main quality requirements to summarize their similarities and differences, and find their merits, aiming to serve as a reference to the development of international standards for CMMs that helps them go global.
Subject(s)
Materia Medica/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal , Commerce , Internationality , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Reference Standards , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , ChinaABSTRACT
Soft tissue is an indispensable tissue in human body. It plays an important role in protecting the body from external physical, chemical or biological factors. Mild soft tissue injuries can self-heal, while severe soft tissue injuries may require related treatment. Natural polymers (such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and collagen) and synthetic polymers (such as polyethylene glycol and polylactic acid) exhibit good biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. It can be used for soft tissue repairs for antibacterial, hemostatic and wound healing purposes. Their related properties can be enhanced through modification or preparation of composite materials. Commonly used soft tissue repairs include wound dressings, biological patches, medical tissue adhesives, and tissue engineering scaffolds. This study introduces the properties, mechanisms of action and applications of various soft tissue repair medical materials, including chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, polyethylene glycol and polylactic acid, and provides an outlook on the application prospects of soft tissue repair medical materials and products.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Chitosan/chemistry , Hyaluronic Acid , Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry , Collagen/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols , Soft Tissue InjuriesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To explore the cytotoxicity of four wild mushrooms involved in a case of Yunnan sudden unexplained death (YNSUD), to provide the experimental basis for prevention and treatment of YNSUD.@*METHODS@#Four kinds of wild mushrooms that were eaten by family members in this YNSUD incident were collected and identified by expert identification and gene sequencing. Raw extracts from four wild mushrooms were extracted by ultrasonic extraction to intervene HEK293 cells, and the mushrooms with obvious cytotoxicity were screened by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The selected wild mushrooms were prepared into three kinds of extracts, which were raw, boiled, and boiled followed by enzymolysis. HEK293 cells were intervened with these three extracts at different concentrations. The cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 combined with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit, and the morphological changes of HEK293 cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope.@*RESULTS@#Species identification indicated that the four wild mushrooms were Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Boletus edulis, Russula virescens and Amanita manginiana. Cytotoxicity was found only in Amanita manginiana. The raw extracts showed cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the boiled extracts and the boiled followed by enzymolysis extracts showed obvious cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. In addition to the obvious decrease in the number of HEK293 cells, the number of synapses increased and the refraction of HEK293 cells was poor after the intervention of Amanita manginiana extracts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The extracts of Amanita manginiana involved in this YNSUD case has obvious cytotoxicity, and some of its toxicity can be reduced by boiled and enzymolysis, but cannot be completely detoxicated. Therefore, the consumption of Amanita manginiana is potentially dangerous, and it may be one of the causes of the YNSUD.
Subject(s)
Humans , HEK293 Cells , Sincalide , China , Amanita , Death, SuddenABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between spinous process deviation and lumbar disc herniation in young patients.@*METHODS@#From March 2015 to January 2022, 30 treated young (under the age of 30) patients with lumbar disc herniation were included as the young group. In addition 30 middle-aged patients (quinquagenarian group) with lumbar disc herniation and 30 patients with non-degenerative spinal diseases (young non-degenerative group) were selected as control groups. The angle of the spinous process deviation was measured on CT and statistically analyzed by various groups. All the data were measured twice and the average value was taken and recorded.@*RESULTS@#The average angle of spinous process deviation in the degenerative lumbar vertebra of young patients were (3.89±3.77) degrees, similar to the (3.72±2.98) degrees of quinquagenarian patients(P=0.851). The average angle of s spinous process deviation young non-degenerative group were (2.20±2.28) degrees, significantly less than young group(P=0.040). The spinous process deviation angle of the superior vertebral of the degenerative lumbar in the young group was (4.10±3.44) degrees, which similar to the (3.47±2.87) degrees in the quinquagenarian group (P=0.447). A total of 19 young patients had the opposite deviation direction of the spinous process of the degenerative lumbar vertebra and upper vertebra, while only 7 quinquagenarian patients had this condition(P=0.02). The type of lumbar disc herniation in young patients had no significant relationship with the direction of spinous process deflection of the degenerative or upper lumbar vertebra (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Spinous process deviation is a risk factor of young lumbar disc herniation patients. If the deviation directions of adjacent lumbar spinous processes are opposite, it will increase the incidence of lumbar disc herniation in young patients. There was no significant correlation between the type of disc herniation and the deviation direction of the spinous process of the degenerative or upper lumbar vertebra. People with such anatomical variation can strengthen the stability of spine and prevent lumbar disc herniation through reasonable exercise.